FIFO - FIRST IN, first out
LIFO - LAST IN, first out
I'll give you an example.
ABC Company
- Jan - Purchased 10 units at $5 each
- Feb - Purchased 8 units at $4 each
- Mar - Purchased 11 units at $3 each
ABC Company sold 20 units in the first quarter. Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold under each method.
FIFO - FIRST IN - So Jan is the earliest month, right?
Jan = 10 units * $5 = $50 <---- ABC Company Sold 20 units, so 20-10, 10 units left.
Feb = 8 units * $4 = $32 <----- 10 units left - 8 units. 2 units left.
Mar =
2 units * $3 = $6 <------ 2 units left - 2 units. Nothing left.
Therefore, using FIFO, the COGS is $50 + 32 + 6 =
$88.
LIFO - LAST IN - So Mar is the latest month, right?
Mar = 11 units * $3 = $33 <---- ABC Company Sold 20 units, so 20-11, 9 units left.
Feb = 8 units * $4 = $32 <----- 9 units left - 8 units. 1 unit left.
Jan =
1 unit * $5 = $5 <------ 1 unit left - 1 unit. Nothing left.
Therefore, using LIFO, the COGS is $33 + 32 + 5 =
$70.
Weighted Average
Find the AVERAGE purchased price and times by units sold -- find the total purchased price first then divide by the total units.
Jan = $5 x 10 units = $50
Feb = $4 x 8 units = $32
Mar = $3 x 11 units = $33
Total =
$115
Total Units = 10 + 8 + 11 =
29 units Weigted Average Per Unit = Total Purchased Price / Total Units Purchased
$115 / 29 units = ~$3.97 / unit
COGS = Weighted Average Per unit x Units Sold = $3.97 x 20 = $79.4
COGS using Weighted Average is ~
$79.